Tuesday, January 12, 2016

Justices Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas appeared poised to side with Siegelman in SCOTUS case that could have protected the right to trial by jury


Don Siegelman
(From Montgomery Advertiser)
The U.S. Supreme Court's decision yesterday not to hear the latest appeal in the Don Siegelman case, of course, is a blow to the former Alabama governor. But it's also a blow to a supposedly bedrock concept of our demorcracy--the right to a jury trial. That means yesterday's decision is a blow to all Americans, even those who've never heard of Don Siegelman and have no idea what his case is about.

Here is the central issue in the Siegelman appeal: May a court consider acquitted conduct to increase a sentence within the statutory range of the offense for which the defendant was convicted? That is precisely what U.S. District Judge Mark Fuller--who since has resigned from the bench in the wake of a wife-beating scandal--did in the Siegelman case. And it's a big reason Siegelman is not scheduled for release from federal prison until August 8, 2017.

To a considerable extent, he is being held now based on charges of which a jury acquitted him. A number of constitutional and legal groups have filed briefs in the case, arguing that such an outcome violates a defendant's Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial and violates the Right to Popular Sovereignty inherent in the U.S. Constitution.

Based on news reports about a similar 2014 case, two of the Supreme Court's most conservative justices--Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas--appeared ready to side with Siegelman, a Democrat. Liberal justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who joined Scalia and Thomas in a 2014 dissent, also appeared ready to side with Siegelman.

If Scalia, Thomas, and Ginsburg voted to hear the Siegelman case--as seems likely--that means no other justice provided a fourth vote needed to hear the case. SCOTUS announced that Obama appointee Elena Kagan did not participate in deliberations because, as solicitor general, she had written a brief urging the high court to uphold the Siegelman convictions.

If this scenario played out behind the scenes, that means two liberal justices--Clinton appointee Stephen Breyer and Obama appointee Sonia Sotomayor--could have provided the fourth vote needed to hear the Siegelman case. But they apparently did not do it.

That raises this question: If Democrats are the party that champions constitutional rights, what kind of rights are Breyer and Sotomayor supporting--especially on an issue where even Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas see constitutional problems?

Here's another question--Hillary Clinton has powerful ties to both the Bill Clinton and Barack Obama administrations. What does this outcome say about her priorities regarding civil rights? Should she be pressed about this issue on the campaign trail? Could this cause Democrats who truly care about constitutional protections to support Bernie Sanders?

The 2014 case was styled Jones v. United States. Here's how the Stanford Daily summarized the facts and legal issues surrounding the case:

The case arose in Washington, D.C. Three men, Joseph Jones, Desmond Thurston and Antwuan Ball, were charged with, among other things, running an “open-air” drug market — essentially a conspiracy to distribute large amounts of drugs. If convicted on that charge, the men would effectively be held liable for all of the drugs dealt by the entire “organization,” much more than any of the men had personally distributed. The jury, however, did not convict on the conspiracy charge, and instead merely found the men guilty of distributing the relatively small amount of drugs that each had personally dealt— between two and 11 grams of crack cocaine. . . .

Nevertheless, the judge accepted the government’s argument and sentenced the defendants as if they had conspired to distribute more than 500 grams of crack, even though they had been specifically acquitted of those charges. The defendants therefore received sentences varying from 15 years to almost 19 years, sentences nearly four times the length of the next highest sentences imposed for similar convictions.

How did that sit with Scalia, Thomas, and Ginsburg? Not well, as the Stanford Daily reports:

The Court, however, denied certiorari, but not without dissent. Justice Scalia published a vigorous dissent, insisting that it was time for the Court to put an end to this practice. First marshaling precedent, Justice Scalia explained that any fact that increases the penalty to which a defendant is exposed is essentially an element of a crime, and therefore must be proved to a jury, not a judge. The Court has also held that a substantively unreasonable sentence is unconstitutional and must be set aside. It follows, then, according to Justice Scalia, that “any fact necessary to prevent a sentence from being substantively unreasonable — thereby exposing the defendant to the longer sentence — is an element that must be either admitted by the defendant or found by the jury.” Because the defendants argued that their sentences were only reasonable if the conspiracy was considered relevant conduct that could increase the Guideline penalty, the Sixth Amendment was implicated. Justice Scalia then closed by insisting that the Court should have taken this opportunity to “put an end to the unbroken string of cases disregarding the Sixth Amendment.”

Justice Scalia was not alone in his dissent. In fact, criminal cases can often lead to unusual lineups of Justices, and this case was one such example. Joining Justice Scalia in his dissent from denial of certiorari were Justices Thomas and Ginsburg. Given just one more vote, then, the Court would have granted certiorari to resolve this important issue.

Dissents from denial of certiorari are rare, and no such dissents were forthcoming in the Siegelman case. But three justices, from a wide range of political perspectives, have already made it clear where they stand on the issue.

Antonin Scalia
(From Mother Jones)
That leaves us with Don Siegelman to voice his own dissent, writing on his Facebook page from the Federal Correctional Institute in Oakdale, Louisiana. Siegelman starts by quoting Bob Dylan:

"It is hard to believe we live in a country where justice is just a game.” Bob Dylan

"U.S. Citizens do not have a constitutional right not to be framed": The U.S. Solicitor General, January 4th, 2010, in an argument to the U.S. Supreme Court defending Iowa law enforcement in a civil suit by two men who spent 25 years in prison for a crime they didn't commit. They were intentionally framed.

Today, the U.S. Supreme Court gives its stamp of approval to the practice of allowing judges to add years to a defendant's sentence for matters a jury found the defendant innocent!

We criticize North Korea, China and other countries for human rights violations while turning a blind eye to our own.

Today's U.S. Supreme Court decision is so extraordinarily shocking and is an example of America's democratic hypocrisies.

116 former state Attorneys General and The Constitution Project argued that a jury decision is final, that the U.S. Constitution gives the people, speaking through a jury, the final decision on guilt or innocence. The U.S. Supreme Court has thumbed its nose at justice."

Don E. Siegelman

Governor of Alabama, 1999-2003

15 comments:

Anonymous said...

Thanks for your reporting on this. The al.com story said nothing about what the appeal was about. They seem to enjoy keeping the public ignorant.

Anonymous said...

Scalia and Thomas see the problem, but justices appointed by Clinton and Obama can't see it--or they don't care? What's the point of voting for a Dem for president if their SCOTUS appointees are going to sit on their butts?

Anonymous said...

Mark Fuller is a disgrace.

Saddle Up said...

It shouldn't be hard to resolve this issue. Common sense tells you that no one should be sentenced for "criminal" conduct a jury found they did not commit. How hard is it to fix this, and why has it been allowed to stay this way for years?

Anonymous said...

I wonder why certain Democrats (yes, we are talking about you, Barack) seem reluctant to take steps to fix the Siegelman travesty. They seem to be in the White House, on the Supreme Court, in the Chicago mayor's office. Can't figure it out.

Anonymous said...

C'mon, @12:26, you can't expect al.com to do any real reporting on threats to our constitutional rights. Bama had a big game last night.

Anonymous said...

I think the Bush Admin (Karl Rove?) got some dirt on Obama before leaving office. That's why the pres. doesn't want to touch the Siegelman case. That's why the pres. wanted to "look forward, not backward" on Bush criminals.

Nobody plays blackmail better than Karl Rove.

Anonymous said...

I am unfamiliar with the case, so please excuse this question, but how do we know the judge used crimes Siegleman was acquitted of to increase his sentence? In the drug case you have an obvious disparity between what everybody else had received as punishment. I doubt you would have had any dissenters had the sentence only been twice as high as others. Did Fuller make a comment that he was sentencing higher because of the other charges, are there enough people convicted under similar circumstances to say there is an average sentence or are we making assumptions about the sentencing? I would like to point out that the final decision was consistent with the other case, which would explain why it didn't make it through.

Anonymous said...

I think the saying is due for an update... Karl Rove is the root of all evil!

e.a.f. said...

One really does wonder why the democrats so dislike a former Democratic Govenor. This whole case is very strange indead. The back story on this one, must be amazing.

legalschnauzer said...

You raise a good question, @5:58. Here is URL to a 2007 Harper's article, by Columbia U law prof Scott Harper, that helps explain, followed by key portion from the story:


http://harpers.org/blog/2007/06/siegelman-sentenced-riley-rushes-to-washington/


"And the Birmingham News notes that Fuller resolved to lengthen Siegelman’s sentence on the basis of charges brought against him of which he was acquitted. As the condemned man in Kafka’s “Penal Colony” reminds us: we are all guilty in the eyes of the judge; innocence is an illusion.

"Fuller decided that charges on which Siegelman was acquitted at trial could be used in considering his sentence. Prosecutors had argued that, even though a jury did not find him guilty, there still was evidence of some wrongdoing."

legalschnauzer said...

Here is a good 2015 article about the sentencing issue:


http://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/story/news/2015/10/22/former-attorney-generals-back-siegelman-supreme-court/74400058/


"More than 100 former state attorneys general are asking the U.S. Supreme Court to review the sentence of former Alabama Gov. Don Siegelman, who remains behind bars for his conviction in a government corruption case.

"The brief argued that former U.S. District Judge Mark Fuller, who oversaw Siegelman’s case, improperly factored charges that a jury did not convict Siegelman on in handing down the sentence. The brief argues the jury had to determine that, and that without it, the jury became “a mere pass-through to punishment by the state.”

“It is one thing for a sentencing judge to make determinations about facts that a jury did not consider at all, such as the defendant’s lack of remorse, but it is another thing entirely to allow judges to find that conduct occurred by a preponderance of the evidence when the jury expressly acquitted the defendant of criminal charges based on that very conduct,” the brief states."

Anonymous said...

I understand why Justice Kagan did not support hearing the case. She was the Solicitor General in the Obama Administration when the case was being heard on the appeals level. She defended the District Court decision and sentence and recommended the appeal be denied as requested by the Justice Dept.

Unknown said...

Unfortunately, being sentenced for acquitted conduct is the law of the land. And as egregious as the Siegelman case may be, it is by no means unique.

Anonymous said...

Sounds like Seigelman was framed by republicans and some Dems, perhaps jealous of the governor's success, threw gasoline on a fire created by Carl Rove, a well known sleaze bag from the George W. Bush camp.